Indian Society

Marginalisation affects a large part of Indian society, who are subjected to loss of rights and mistreatment due to their place in the caste system. In the novel Q&A by Vikas Swarup, a street boy, Ram Mohammad Thomas narrates the events of mistreatment and abuse in not only his life, but several others characters with the same fate. Throughout the novel, the experiences of Ram, Salim and Nita are told, contributing to the privileging of social, gender and religious marginalisation in Indian society as foregrounded by Swarup.Ram Mohammad Thomas, throughout the novel narrates his experiences of marginalisation and mistreatment due to his social status in the caste system. Ram’s social marginalisation is privileged through the foregrounding of the caste system in Indian society where he is seen as an untouchable, someone who lives in a chawl, with no education, Ram states â€Å"†¦The brain is not an organ we are authorized to use. We are supposed to use only our hands and l egs. † (pg. 2), this foregrounds how as an untouchable in society, Ram is only seen as a slave to others, not someone with any kind of intelligence to have the mental capacity to partake in a quiz show. This is further foregrounded when Ram states â€Å"Like Godbole, you believe I am only good for serving chicken fry and whisky in a restaurant. That I am meant to live life like a dog and die an insect. Don’t you? † (pg. 29), further stating how in Indian society people believe the place in the caste position you are born, you must stay and not partake in activities which are meant for higher class people.Swarup positions the reader to feel sympathetic for Ram, by story after story of discrimination and see him as a representative of the untouchable class, someone who is just a street boy, with no control over their fate, and being at the bottom of the caste system leading him to be clearly shown as socially marginalised. Salim Ilyasi in the novel is Ram’s best friend, much like Ram, he is socially marginalised but also religiously marginalised for being Muslim.His marginalisation is privileged through several stories throughout the novel, Ram revealed (speaking about Salim’s experience) â€Å"The moment the Hindi’s heard this they went on a rampage. Armed with machetes and pickaxes, sticks and torches, they raided the homes of all the Muslim families†¦Before his very eyes they set fire to the hut†¦ His whole family was burnt to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 95). This quote illustrates how Salim’s family and many other Muslims, were marginalised and attacked purely because they were part of the religion that was getting accused.Further, his religious marginalisation is shown where Salim stated (recounting his experience to Ram) â€Å"This bastard is definitely a Muslim, let’s kill him’ †¦ ‘No. Killing him would be too easy. We will burn this motherfucker alive in this bus. Then he a nd his community will learn never to touch our homes,† (pg. 229), this further foregrounds how because Salim is Muslim, in Indian society he is religiously marginalised because of this. Along with the social and religious marginalisation associated with Ram and Salim, Nita is also gender marginalised through her religion.Nita’s religious and gender marginalisation is privileged through the foregrounding of the religion she was born into, where she was chosen to become a prostitute only because she was born a girl with more beauty than her sister. This is shown when Ram states (recounting what Nita told him about her religion) â€Å"She is a Bedia tribal girl from the Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh†¦ In her community, it is the tradition for one girl from each family to serve as a communal prostitute, called the Bedni.This girl earns money for her family, while the males spend their time drinking and playing cards. ‘This is why the birth of a girl is an occ asion to celebrate in our community, not a cause for gloom’† this foregrounds how in this one situation she is both gender marginalised for being a girl, and forced to become a prostitute, and religiously marginalised as this is not her choice, but the choice of her religion. Further, supporting the point of gender marginalisation against Nita in the book is the character Gudiya, who was abused by her father, Ram states â€Å"†¦ What was Gudiya’s crime?Simply that she was born a girl and Shantaram was her father†, this greatly privileges the aspect of marginalisation Swarup was aiming to depict and foregrounds that not only in that particular religion is gender marginalisation evident, but all over Indian society. In essence, throughout the novel Q&A by Vikas Swarup marginalisation is privileged through the foregrounding of the carefully created stories of mistreatment and abuse against several characters. This positions the reader to understand and a cknowledge the observation of Indian society and feel sympathetic for the representation of the untouchable class as interpreted in the novel.

50 Free Social Media Marketing Templates To Get More Done

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Free Essays on Anti-imperialism

Anti-Imperialism In November, 1898, people who were opposed to an American policy, known as imperialism, band together to form the Anti-Imperialism League. â€Å"We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Carl Schurz 605). The behavior of expansionists was nothing but a rejection to the establishment of â€Å"liberty for all.† An idea was endorsed, which proposed, â€Å"The Constitution must follow the flag.† The American flag and laws went together. Anti-Imperialists felt people in territories controlled by the United States deserved the same rights as all American citizens. Samuel Gompers, labor leader, demurred taking over countries with no labor laws. He felt the people of the Caribbean and Pacific were being prepared for liberty, and were not ready for democracy. Overall, imperialism threatened the nation’s democratic fo undation. â€Å"Had the Filipinos been white and fought as bravely as they have, the war would have been ended and their independence granted a long time ago† (Bishop Alexander Walters 605). Anti-Imperialists saw racism beginning to commence in imperialistic policies. Racism is a belief that differences in character or intelligence are due to one’s race. The African American people were the first to be torn about this issue. They wanted to support the country, but racism was instigated by imperialism. Southern democrats resisted imperialism because of the effect of absorbing more races into the United States. Imperialistic policies would encourage people to migrate into the United States. â€Å"It is temperament that tells, and not schemes of national policy, whether laid down in Farewell addresses or in Utopian books. No national character was ever shaped by formula or by philosophy; for greater forces than these lie behind it, - the forces of inheritance and of... Free Essays on Anti-imperialism Free Essays on Anti-imperialism Anti-Imperialism In November, 1898, people who were opposed to an American policy, known as imperialism, band together to form the Anti-Imperialism League. â€Å"We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Carl Schurz 605). The behavior of expansionists was nothing but a rejection to the establishment of â€Å"liberty for all.† An idea was endorsed, which proposed, â€Å"The Constitution must follow the flag.† The American flag and laws went together. Anti-Imperialists felt people in territories controlled by the United States deserved the same rights as all American citizens. Samuel Gompers, labor leader, demurred taking over countries with no labor laws. He felt the people of the Caribbean and Pacific were being prepared for liberty, and were not ready for democracy. Overall, imperialism threatened the nation’s democratic fo undation. â€Å"Had the Filipinos been white and fought as bravely as they have, the war would have been ended and their independence granted a long time ago† (Bishop Alexander Walters 605). Anti-Imperialists saw racism beginning to commence in imperialistic policies. Racism is a belief that differences in character or intelligence are due to one’s race. The African American people were the first to be torn about this issue. They wanted to support the country, but racism was instigated by imperialism. Southern democrats resisted imperialism because of the effect of absorbing more races into the United States. Imperialistic policies would encourage people to migrate into the United States. â€Å"It is temperament that tells, and not schemes of national policy, whether laid down in Farewell addresses or in Utopian books. No national character was ever shaped by formula or by philosophy; for greater forces than these lie behind it, - the forces of inheritance and of...

Emily Murphy, Canadian Womens Rights Activist

Emily Murphy, Canadian Women's Rights Activist Emily Murphy (March 14, 1868–Oct. 27, 1933) was a strong advocate for Canadian women and children who led four other women, collectively called the Famous Five, in the Persons Case, which established the status of women as persons under the British North America (BNA) Act. An 1876 ruling had said that women are not persons in matters of rights and privileges in Canada. She also was the first female police magistrate in Canada and in the British Empire. Fast Facts: Emily Murphy Known For: Canadian womens rights activistBorn: March 14, 1868 in Cookstown, Ontario, CanadaParents: Isaac and Emily FergusonDied: Oct. 27, 1933 in Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaEducation:  Bishop Strachan SchoolPublished Works:  The Black Candle, The Impressions of Janey Canuck Abroad,  Janey Canuck in the West,  Open Trails, Seeds of PineAwards and Honors: Recognized as a  Person of National Historic Significance  by the government of CanadaSpouse: Arthur MurphyChildren: Madeleine, Evelyn, Doris, KathleenNotable Quote: We want women leaders today as never before. Leaders who are not afraid to be called names and who are willing to go out and fight. I think women can save civilization. Women are persons. Early Life Emily Murphy was born on March 14, 1868, in Cookstown, Ontario, Canada. Her parents, Isaac and Emily Ferguson, and her grandparents were well-to-do and highly educated. Two relatives had been Supreme Court justices, while her grandfather Ogle R. Gowan was a politician and newspaper owner. She was brought up on equal footing with her brothers, and, at a time when girls were often uneducated, Emily was sent to the prestigious Bishop Strachan School in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. While she was at school in Toronto, Emily met and married Arthur Murphy, a theological student who became an Anglican minister. The couple moved to Manitoba, and in 1907 they relocated to Edmonton, Alberta. The Murphys had four daughters- Madeleine, Evelyn, Doris, and Kathleen. Doris died in childhood, and some accounts say Madeline died at an early age as well. Early Career Murphy wrote four popular books of patriotic travel sketches under the pen name Janey Canuck between 1901 and 1914 and was the first woman appointed to the Edmonton Hospital Board in 1910. She was active in pressuring the Alberta government to pass the Dower Act, a 1917 law that prevents a married person  from selling the home without the consent of the spouse. She was a member of the Equal Franchise League and worked with activist Nellie McClung on winning voting rights for women. First Woman Magistrate In 1916, when she was prevented from attending a trial of prostitutes because it was deemed unsuitable for mixed company, Murphy protested to the attorney general and demanded that a special police court be set up to try women and that a female magistrate be appointed to preside over the court. The attorney general agreed and appointed Murphy as the police magistrate for the court in Edmonton, Alberta. On her first day in court, Murphys appointment was challenged by a lawyer because women were not considered persons under the BNA Act. The objection was overruled frequently and in 1917, the Alberta Supreme Court ruled that women were persons in Alberta. Murphy allowed her name to be put forward as a candidate for the Senate but was turned down by Prime Minister Robert Borden because the BNA Act still did not recognize women for consideration as senators. The Persons Case From 1917 to 1929, Murphy spearheaded the campaign to have a woman appointed to the Senate. She led the Famous Five in the Persons Case, which eventually established that women were persons under the BNA Act and so were qualified to be members of the Canadian Senate. Murphy became president of the new Federation of Womens Institutes in 1919. Murphy was active in many reform activities in the interests of women and children, including womens property rights under the Dower Act and the vote for women. She also worked to promote changes to the laws on drugs and narcotics. Controversial Causes Murphys varied causes led to her becoming a controversial figure. In 1922, she wrote The Black Candle about drug trafficking in Canada, advocating for laws against the use of drugs and narcotics. Her writing reflected the belief, typical of the times, that poverty, prostitution, alcohol, and drug abuse were caused by immigrants to western Canada. Like many others in Canadian womens suffrage and temperance groups of the time, she strongly supported the eugenics movement in Western Canada. Along with suffragette McClung and womens rights activist Irene Parlby, she lectured and campaigned for the involuntary sterilization of mentally deficient individuals. In 1928, the Alberta Legislative Assembly made the province the first to approve sterilization under the Alberta Sexual Sterilization Act. That law was not repealed until 1972, after nearly 3,000 individuals were sterilized under its authority. In 1933, British Columbia became the only other province to approve involuntary sterilization with a similar law that wasnt repealed until 1973. While Murphy did not become a member of the Canadian Senate, her work raising awareness of womens causes and changing laws to empower women was critical to the 1930 appointment of Cairine Wilson, the first woman to serve in the legislative body. Death Emily Murphy died of diabetes on Oct. 27, 1933, in Edmonton, Alberta. Legacy Though she and the rest of the Famous Five have been hailed for their support of property and voting rights for women, Murphys reputation suffered from her support for eugenics, her criticism of immigration, and her expressed concern that other races might take over white society. She warned that the upper crust with its delicious plums and dash of cream is likely to become at any time a mere toothsome morsel for the hungry, the abnormal, the criminals and the posterity of insane paupers.† Despite the controversies, there are statues dedicated to Murphy and other members of the Famous Five on  Parliament Hill in Ottawa and in the Olympic Plaza in Calgary. She also was named a  Person of National Historic Significance  by the Canadian government in 1958. Sources â€Å"Emily Murphy.†Ã‚  Biography Online.â€Å"Emily Murphy.† The Canadian Encyclopedia.Kome, Penney.  Women of Influence: Canadian Women and Politics. Toronto, Ontario, 1985. Doubleday Canada.

The Great Khan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Great Khan - Research Paper Example Chinggis Khan considered an influential leader, because he arranged and ensured the Mongols were well equipped so that they could overpower resisting forces and empiresii. In addition, Khan also believed in the power of organized communication because through effective communications respect would be exercised within the army. He ensured the army knew the significance of communication and information flowed easily between the squad and himself. Preparation was another factor used by Khan, to organize his army. He ensured the Mongols were well prepared before any fight. This allowed them adequate time to be ready for enemies. He also advocated for a well-laid plan before the army was involved in any battle. Khan was also known to be merciless. This feature made his soldiers respect him as a leader and thus he stood unopposed all the time. Mongols success can be attributed to Khan’s leadership skillsiii. The style in which Khan organized and equipped his army provided the Mongol s the power to defeat resisting forces and empires. The decisions made by Khan made the Mongols the most powerful empire in history. In addition, the military power of Mongols was considered the most powerful until the 20th century. The armies under the control of Khan were trained in magnificent tactics. The soldiers were required to master the use of horses and bows so that they could not lose in battles. Khan’s objective was to unite the diverse tribes into one and rule Asia. Khan believed in two philosophies â€Å"divide and conquer† and â€Å"strength in numbers†. The main tactic used by his soldiers involved dividing them into large groups, and surrounding their target before ambushing and conquering. The strength in numbers philosophy applied by ensuring more tribes united to develop the Mongolsiv. Mongol empire spread rapidly out of Asia by 1260. The empire destroyed old and powerful kingdoms in the Middle East and spread as far west as Egypt and Poland. The empire was the most powerful because of its war tactics applied in battlesv. The empire stretched as far as Russia. Mongol leadership in these areas incorporated them to the rest of the world. In addition, trade between Europe and Asia was promoted. The impact of Mongol empire and its unification factor could be felt even after it collapsed. One of the most significant legacies of the Mongol age is the development of the modern nation state that developed out of the ruins of the past Khanates. For over 400 years, unified china was inexistencevi. However, the Mongol empire established one country from three states, since, then China known to be unified as one state to date. Russia was also a development of the Mongols. Russia applied the centralization rule from the Mongols who had destroyed the decentralized governance of kievian Russia. Iran is another state affected by the Mongol rule. Prior to invasion by the Mongols, Iran had adopted Arabic culture used by most of the Middl e East countries. Mongols features dominated the governance and economic system applied by the Iranian government. The Mongol assisted in reinstating â€Å"shahname† as the Iranian state epic and in the introduction of â€Å"shism† that became dominant in later yearsvii. Europeans embraced the changes brought by Mongols in the world. Internationalization of Europe was largely motivated by Mongols. European countries embraced the

Bring Tare To Justice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bring Tare To Justice - Case Study Example In October 2007, a winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature donated her money for a campaign that holds Boney Tare accountable for the Anglo-Mesopotistani War in the criminal and civil courts of England. The Lobby started a campaign with the slogan, 'Bring Tare to Justice'. The lobby has approached for advice on the advantages and disadvantages of suing Boney Tare in Civil Courts for Torts of Trespass against Tare in person and against Misfeasance in Public Office. There are thus two ways that justice could be brought against Tare - that is, against Tare as a person and against Misfeasance in Public Office. The potential claimants at the Lobby who can help sue Tare are Omar, who has been interned by the British Army for the last four years in its Detention Facility in Mespotistan, Ali, who was the victim of torture by two British soldiers who were subsequently court-martialled for their acts. Doris, a UK citizen who has never been to Mespotistan, but who is strongly of the opinion Tare should pay exemplary damages to those he has trespassed against. Fatima, whose husband died in the March 2003 bombing raids. Considering an answer to these questions would be the best method to understand the ways in which any legal proceedings could be brought against Boney Tare both on the basis that he has wronged in person and that there has also been Misfeasance in Public Office. After considering the four potential claimants who can help sue and testify against, it can also be decided as to who would be better suited to testify against Tare. For law dealing with the Trespass against the Person, the first issue is whether the English Courts have jurisdiction over a decision taken in England to commit false imprisonments in Mespotistan. Boney Tare can be sued on the basis of Tort or for committing legal wrong of Trespass and Misfeasance. Tort is a branch of Civil law and although similar to criminal law Tort is a case between private parties so in this case, under Tort a case can be brought up against Tare as an individual and Omar who was at the detention facility in Mespotistan or Ali who was a victim of Torture could bring up the case against Tare. The court might order to pay damages to Ali or Omar or stop the wrongful activity (in this case, the invasion and war in Mespotistan). The bilateral aspect of Tort law allows victims to sue the injurers directly without blaming the state and this provision can allow

Acute Care Services Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Acute Care Services - Research Paper Example The hospital has a well-thought strategy for recruitment of nurses in the hospital. The strategy is a part of hospital’s overall staff recruitment policy which recognizes the importance of nurses in the quality healthcare provided by the hospital. The hospital recognizes recruitment as a basic function that holds key to proper functioning of the hospital in healthcare delivery. Therefore, recruitment is not an isolated but a central function that almost affects everything in the organization. The over-riding objective of the recruitment strategy is to attract competent and committed individuals who will make nursing a career and also stay for a long period in hospital service, in effect resolving the problem of frequent resignations leading to increased retention of nurses in ACUs of the hospital. Thus, recruitment of nurses for ACUs is based on an internal recruitment policy to recruit the best of qualified nurses and the strategy comprises the following strategic actions: Recruitment of nurses is an on-going biannual activity to fill available vacancies. Under this strategic mechanism, the required strength of 30 nurses for all ACUs should be maintained in any case so that the functioning of the hospital does not suffer. Under this approach applications are welcome from all interested qualifies nurses to register with the hospital database. The hospital conducts regular monthly reviews of all potential candidates fitting the requirements and invites them to the hospital for personal discussion.