What the Arab States Can Do To Help Bring About Perpetual Peace Term Paper

What the Arab States Can Do To Help Bring About Perpetual Peace between Israel and the Palestinians - Term Paper Example Sadly, continued state of war is what brings Palestinians together and so they consider war to be the safer choice as opposed to perpetual peace. The Palestinian leadership has remained strong to demands they are sure will never be acceptable to Israel because they believe that negotiating peace with Israeli will probably end the Palestinian entity and it will disintegrate what holds the Palestinians together hence leading to loss of political control and cohesion. Therefore, according to Palestinian leadership, creating peace with Israel will only bring suffering to the Palestinians and so they feel safe with a perpetual state of war. 11 The rivalry between the Israeli and Palestinian has attracted the establishment of many agreements, but none has succeeded in bringing peace between the two states. Arguably, Israel and the Palestinians have mutually conflicting national interests, which are very difficult to be reconciled, and in both cases, these interests have a wide consensus. The Palestinian side focuses on an independent and autonomous state from which, it can establish a strategy aimed at eradicating Israel altogether, regain the East Jerusalem and eliminate all the settlements. On the contrary, Israeli’s side mainly stands against allowing Palestinian refugees to go back to their nation and division of Jerusalem. For this reason, Israel has been attacking and terrorizing Palestinians and killing innocent children. The conflict between Israel and the Palestinians seem to last for long especially after the failure of several peace interventions and this has attracted further research on how to terminate conflict and reconcile the two regions and specifically, what other Arab States can contribute to resolve the issue. A qualitative research methodology is conducted in assessing what Arab States should do to bring peace between Israel and Palestine. In this case, the proposal will utilize a review of

What scams are on the Federal Trade Commission's List of Top 10 Speech or Presentation

What scams are on the Federal Trade Commission's List of Top 10 Consumer Scams, and how can consumers avoid falling for them - Speech or Presentation Example However, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has been able to identify these scams and provided measures to counter future occurrences. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is a self-governing federal organization of the United States government and it was established in 1914 by the federal trade commission act. The Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) main goal is to protect consumers and guarantee a strong competitive market by implementing a variety of consumer protection and antitrust laws. The laws are used to guard against destructive business practices. They also protect markets from any anti competitive practices and these include price fixing conspiracies and huge mergers. The agency collects complaints about companies, business practices and identity theft.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Joining A Currency Union Economics Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Joining A Currency Union Economics Essay Currency Union are a group of countries that share a single currency. There is a misconception that currency unions are a product of the 20th century globalization, but it is not true. They have existed since the times of Roman, but still they havent been adopted as a global financial system. The reason being despite it having many advantages it has few disadvantages as well. I will discuss these advantages and the disadvantages in the first part of my essay. While in the second part I will show some light on the current heated debate about UK joining the Euro Zone. Transaction cost:- The most essential advantage connected with changing to a single currency was the removal of the need to change currency . Savings are very large because of the elimination of the transaction cost connected to the exchanging currency, the taxes for countries that have most of the exports to the European counties only. The significant decrease in the cost of exports will be most useful for small scale business to achieve economies of scale. By switching to the euro, members of the EMU were expected to save as much as $30 billion a year (The Euro, the European, pp. 154), :- Daniel Portone. Investment:- As there is low transaction cost there is large amount of investment because companies now this is one of the most important decreases in the cross border investment. This has lead to large cross border investment like in France the foreign direct investment has increased from 12% to 18%. The disappearance of the cost of transaction and the introduction of the common currency makes the money market deeper and integrated. The major financial institutes are being listed in the Euro, which in turn attracts potential investors to gain confidence in different EU financial markets . The market combination provides various links to dilute the risk in the EMU. If we assume that the French and German bond and equity markets are fully integrated, it will facilitate the adjustment to asymmetric shocks (see Figure 1). When France is hit by a negative shock, companies there make losses and that drives down stock prices of these companies.- Jean Monnet.which bring the profit to germen investors ,thus the boom in germany brings profit to French . A very similar mechanism also works through the fully integrated bond market, Jean Monnet Exchange rate stability (Common Currency):- Common currency generates a platform to judge the price relationship, make price difference more noticeable and helps to equalise it across borders.- Jean Monnet .Along with the removal of the need to change currency, there is also problem with the volatility of the exchange rates also. When the rate fluctuates it also affects the profitability of the company and increasing the risk which in turn decreases the net investment into the country. Thus to stabilise the situation it is useful for a company to enter in a currency union. .. having the same currency can boost trade by a factor of three. Canada again provides the example : inspire of close proximity to the US and similarities in culture , Canadian provinces trade twelve to twenty times more amongst themselves than with the US states The common currency provides the member nation to compare the prices efficiently . The poor regions would never become richer simply by devaluing its cur rency repeatedly. On the contrary the associated high inflation would introduce economic distortion and reduce its average real income, :- Professor Alec Chrystal Free movement of workers :- Free mobility area of the labour helps the countries to prevent from an asymmetric shock which is the result of inflation in one country A and a recession in country B . If there is mobility of labour ie they can move freely this will lead to release the inflation in A and increasing employment of the people in B. For example, workers from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand account for 10 percent of the employment in Singapore. Emigration has been as much as 2 percent of the labor force of the sending countries- (http://www.adb.org/Documents/ERD/Working_Papers/WP012.pdf ) The prevention of competitive devaluations and speculation:- The Monetary unions protect the member countries damaging effect of competitive devaluation of the currency which may lead to steeling the business of the other . But is any country which try to do this with the monetary unions has an adverse effect of high inflation. Other advantages of joining the currency union are as follows. The country gets an access to larger markets and thus increasing the overall income of the country. It also reduces the effect of shocks from exterior instability to an individual country. Joining the currency union is very important for those countries which lack internal control . This allows free movement of goods and sevices without any obstacles. This also keeps peace between the nation as they now that they are all interdependent on each other . the one of the most important advantage is it it will increase the tourism in the countries as there is easy movement and no currency changes . Disadvantages of currency union Loss of sovereignty: This means that country adopting the Common currency has to give up the Monetary policies to the body who is controlling the union . like in the case of European union all the 12 countries had to give up their monetary rights to the European central bank with decides the monetary policies for all the nation . Its most biggest disadvantages come during the crisis when the situation are different in all the different countries and cannot be handled in the same way. Like in a case of sudden increase in the unemployment the governments income will decrease as taxes are not paid so the government will have to increase the taxes which will lead to further disaster decrease in the interest rates during the crisis will help some but will adversely affect the other . So it is very difficult to be in an currency union . In the United States, Texas could not avoid a recession in the wake of the 1986 oil price fall, whereas demand for Sterling changed in the light of the ne w oil price, adjusting the exchange rate downwards.- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/single_currency/25081.stm Cost of adopting the new currency: The adopting of new currency will have a very huge cost to the economy. These are like Such changes include educating customers, changing labels, and training staff, changing computer software and adjusting tills.- http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/single_currency/25081.stm Lower inflation and reduced transactions costs of trade provide gains, while the inability to respond to idiosyncratic asymmetric shocks generate losses.:- Andrew K. Rose1 New negative cross-border spillovers of fiscal policy:- a national fiscal expansion raises the demand for savings, ceteris paribus pushing up the long-run interest rate and discouraging investment. In an integrated capital market strengthened by monetary unification, this effect will spread to other countries, imposing a negative externality. A monetary union may also generate new negative spillovers. An increase in domestic government purchases, in affecting the demand for domestic products, raises local inflation, thereby pushing up average euro-area inflation and forcing the ECB to contract monetary policy for the entire area. Further, a national fiscal expansion may cause an appreciation of the euro, thereby undermining the external competitive position of all union members.- (http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/4305) The other disadvantages of the Monetary unions are as follows, the one of the biggest disadvantage is the difference in languages with in turn leads to the decrease in the mobility of labour Language in Europe is a huge barrier to labour force mobility. This may lead to pockets of deeply depressed areas in which people cannot find work (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/single_currency/25081.stm.). The countries in the currency union also lose the ability to cope with the external shocks. It have to leave it on itself so be rectified with in todays time is very difficult. Should Britain join euro Britain is one of the biggest financial hub in the world, which is also the worlds largest hub for currency trading . Britain does the maximum currency trading . Britain from the beginning has been independent and has been flourishing . But it was a real shock to the Britain when EMU was formed and the biggest threat . After reading the list of journals , it is very difficult to say whether or not Britain should join the Euro or not . There are many arguments and thoughts over it and would like to bring them forward to you . I would first like to bring forward all the positive aspects of the Britain joining the euro with the real facts about it . There has been a significant decrease in foreign direct investment in Britain after the formation of the EMU . Britains share of the foreign direct investment coming into Europe has fallen by a half (see Table 3). In 2001 the Netherlands received more of this investment than Britain.:- Richard Layard, Willem Buiter, Christopher Huhne, Will Hutton, London as mentioned is a important financial hub, but the pound has little to do with it. Where most of the trading is done mostly in dollars in most of the transaction , but the euro outranked the pound ,where euro was involved in 41% and pound in just 24 % of the transactions (as seen in the table 1). The other thing is that this financial centre employ about 1,50,000 people creating  £10- £15billion annual invisible exports . If the UK exercises its opt-out, long-term damage would be inflicted on the City, which will ultimately lose its pre-eminence to Frankfurt or even Paris, in part because trading in the Euro will be focused within its area of operation:- Brian Burkitt The continues increase in the instability will decrease the attractiveness of Britain has as a destination of capital flow. The stock of euro-denominated corporate bonds nearly tripled between 1998 and 2001, to 1.2 trillion Euros. This clearly shows the euro-zone has reconstructed its business which has increased the annual cross border foreign direct investment by 4 fold. Britain almost has its 50% of its trade with the EMU, which is shown in table 2, so it would be better for the UK to join the euro and thus reduce its cost of import and exports .During November 2002 the Chief Executive of Ford UK specifically stated that euro/sterling exchange rates were damaging the profits of the company:- http://www.fpma.scot.nhs.uk/euro_pros_cons.pdf The British consumers will be now able to compare prices all over Europe . This will end the phenomenon of rip-off Britain that allowed coca-cola to charge double here what it charges in Spain, or Ford to charge 43% more for a focus than in Denmark. :- Christopher Huhne . From long time the MNCs new that Britain is the Treasure Island and the consumer are willing to pay high price. Britain chance to exploit the Asia and the America is by joining the bigger currency thats the Euro

Analysis Of The Machine That W :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Machine That Won the War,† by Isaac Asimov, is a story that teaches a valuable lesson about humanity and also has an ironic twist at the end. The setting is the future of Earth, and a great war had just been won against an enemy race. Two men, Swift and Henderson, are debating over who really won the war for Earth: the giant strategy computer known as Multivac, or the men in charge of making the maneuvers and programming the computer. John Henderson is an excitable man, while Lamar Swift, the military captain, is calm but rational. While the people hailed the computer, the two really knew who the heroes were. Henderson explained the fact that Multivac was nothing more than a large machine, only capable of doing what it was programmed to do. He stated that ever since the beginning of the war, he had been hiding a secret. It was the fact that some of its (Multivac’s) data might have been unreliable. This conflict, as you will note later, helped win the war. The great computer was capable of creating a direct battle plan which Earth forces could use to attack their enemies. However, with Henderson inputting faulty data, this caused some of the battle plans to be unreliable. His internal conflict between himself losing his job and wanting to keep it made him jingle with the programming until it seemed right. This foreshadowing helps the reader to see that someone is going to have to act upon Henderson’s faults if the war is to be won. Swift, the military commander, received these battle plans that Henderson had ‘printed up’ out on the front (the front being the battle front). He, realizing that some of these plans were outrageous, had to act upon a different form of machine. Swift’s motivation for not always acting upon what was laid before him helped change the course of the war. He told Henderson that when faced with the difficult decisions, he didn’t use Multivac’s data all of the time. This conflict, making these tough decisions, helps influence the climax. The climax of the story comes when Swift tells Henderson he used a coin to make all of the though decisions instead of

Achilles and Odysseus Essay

It is not unknown that people look up to heroes and even try to emulate their actions; however, there is a relevant question that needs to be asked in order to facilitate a thorough understanding of what differentiates a hero—from someone who is merely fighting for himself. According to Aristotle’s Politics (9), â€Å"[†¦ ] he who is unable to live in society, or who has no need because he is sufficient for himself, must either be a beast or a god: he is no part of a state. † While it may not seem to be rather obvious, but this particular line in Aristotle’s Politics tacitly implies that men who possess extraordinary characteristics and goals, such as heroes can be compared to either gods or wild animals. Since they are heroes, they do not need the help of other individuals (self-sufficient) and are detached from their community, they are not different from wild animals. While it can be said that the epic heroes discussed in this particular critique have contributed to their respective time and place, it is necessary to look at how they were able to contribute, and whether such contribution, indeed, was something deserving of praise and adoration. If one is to analyze Achilles and Odysseus in light of Aristotle’s philosophy, it would be realized that there is much more to a hero than just defeating his adversary. There is a difference with what makes a person a hero, a god, and a beast. Discussion: The Comparison Between Achilles and Odysseus According to John Miles Foley’s A Companion to Ancient Epic (77), a comparison between Achilles and Odysseus is vital in understanding not only Greek epic, but also the concept of a hero and his relationship to his community in a â€Å"specific historical time and place† (Foley 77). The difference between these two heroes is that while Achilles’ personality is monolithic, Odysseus’ personality is many-sided. It is also seen in the Iliad and the Odyssey that â€Å"while Achilles achieves his epic supremacy as a warrior, Odysseus achieves his own kind of epic supremacy in an alternative way, as a master of crafty stratagems and cunning intelligence† (Foley 79). If one is to take Aristotle’s line regarding heroes as wild animals into consideration, it will be seen that Aristotle may actually have a logical point, particularly owing to the fact that Achilles’ anger was the main cause of the countless problems the Greeks encountered as they pursued their war with the Trojans (Foley 79). According to Robin Sowerby (247), although Achilles is considered an epic hero, this does not remove the fact that he had been a compulsive hero, who had been unable to control his anger, thus, her endangered not only himself, but also his loved ones and his own country. His stubborn attitude in doing what he wanted resulted, then, in deaths and further suffering. It is not unknown that Achilles had too much pride, horrible temper, and resentment which was boiling deep within him, all of which may have clouded his judgment (Sowerby 247), thus, hindering him from properly functioning as a part of a team during the war. He fought for himself and he fought on his own; however, â€Å"it is by no means easy for one man to superintend many things; he will have to appoint a number of subordinates† (Aristotle 74) in order to get a job done properly instead of doing everything on his own. Needless to say, Achilles’ irrationality, temper, and desire to defeat his adversary alone were his weaknesses. If one is to analyze Achilles’ characteristics in Aristotle’s point of view, these would be the reasons to consider this hero as either a beast or a god; although it would seem as if Aristotle would be leaning toward the description that Achilles was a beast, rather than a god. It must be understood that to Aristotle, everyone has their own position in a state, in a community, and if an individual chooses to not act on his duty—and prefer to be disagreeable and stubborn like Achilles instead of working with other individuals toward a common goal of the community, then he is not part of that community, and therefore, he must either be a beast or a god. But if one is to analyze Achilles in light of Aristotle’s discussion, it is only logical to say that Achilles had been a hero who was more of a beast than a god. According to Aristotle (73), â€Å"passion perverts the minds of rulers, even when they are the best of men. † This statement is particularly true, if one carefully analyzes Achilles’ character. His temper and his pride has made him do horrible mistakes that cannot be undone. His passion, his will to become a warrior, to prove that he was strong and he can do everything on his own without the help of other individuals, eventually corrupted him and resulted in tragedy. Odysseus, on the other hand, is the polar opposite of Achilles. According to Douglas Olson’s Blood and Iron: Stories and Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey (52), although he is prominently known as the man who tried to save his fellowmen and dismally failed and returned home empty-handed, the fault must not be attributed to him. It is known that the sailors he wanted to bring back to their homes perished during their journey home—but not because Odysseus was a bad leader and he was unable to handle the responsibility. It has to be clear that their own demise was their own fault; their wrongdoings had to be punished. This was an occurring theme in the Odyssey and must not be mistaken for a failure of this particular Greek hero. In analysis, if Odysseus were an irresponsible leader as people make him out to be due to the deaths of the sailors, then he would not be able to lead his country properly as a good king. In fact, before the event that they had to travel by sea, Odysseus had proven to be a very responsible leader to his crew. When his men were hungry, instead of sending them out to hunt while they were tired, he let them sleep and did the hunt himself for his men. He was able to kill a stag and carried it to their camp in order for his men to be able to eat a feast the next day (McCaughrean 32). While it seems as if he was like Achilles who wanted to do things on his own, Odysseus was different in the sense that he wanted to look out for them, and believed that they deserved to rest their tired bodies, so he let them, and hunted food for them. He was merely acting the way a leader should towards his followers, compared to Achilles who wanted to work alone and often subjected people around him to irrational bursts of temper. In Odysseus’ tale, there was no Hector to be defeated—only sailors who are disobedient and Penelope’s (Odysseus’ wife) suitors who flocked around her when they presumed that Odysseus was already dead. Although Odysseus had to be cunning in order to overcome struggles, his tale was more of a fight with principles and morals rather than a fight with swords and shields. Of course, it is largely debatable as to whether which is the far more difficult battle, but regardless of which is more difficult, the point is that unlike Achilles who preferred to work alone and refused to be a good leader, Odysseus was up to the job and understood what it meant to be a leader to his people. Odysseus cannot be deemed a god, for he knew what it was to live in a society; he knew that he needed other people despite his qualities as a hero, he was willing to lead his people, as well as fight and sacrifice for them. Summary As seen in the aforementioned discussion, Achilles and Odysseus had their own ways to fight their battles. While it is given that arguments will arise to whether such epic heroes have done the appropriate means to win their battles, it cannot be denied that Aristotle made sense when he stated that â€Å"desire is a wild beast† (Aristotle 73). It may not seem much to a lot of individuals but such a simple phrase contains a large truth that cannot be avoided. Individuals who let themselves be absorbed by their desires often find themselves weak in creating moral decisions, for desire often tempts man into doing what he wants and not what he should. As seen in the comparison between Achilles and Odysseus, one must ultimately ask: Who is the better hero? Who is the beast? Is there a god? There is Achilles who fought and won for himself, for his desire to kill his adversary, not for his people, whereas there is Odysseus, who failed to bring his men home, but he tried to lead them the best way he could. While Achilles was a beast, it cannot be said that Odysseus was a god—for Aristotle’s statement was undeniable: in order to be part of a society, must one know one’s place. It is not about self-sufficiency, it was about helping each other and knowing which position to take and fill in. A real hero, apparently, is not the one who cannot be likened to a god, for he is not self-sufficient, and he needed others; neither can the real hero be likened to a beast, for he does not merely fight for himself—he fights for others. The hero is the one who tried, failed, and yet, was still able to lead his people onward. Works Cited Aristotle. Politics. South Dakota: Nu Vision Publicationas, LCC. Print. Foley, John Miles. A Companion to Ancient Epic. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Print. McCaughrean, Geraldine. Odysseus. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Print. Olson, Douglas & Homer. Blood and Iron: Stories and Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey. The Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1995. Print. Sowerby, Robin. The Augustan Art of Poetry: Augustan Translation of the Classics. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. , 2006. Print.

Indian Society

Marginalisation affects a large part of Indian society, who are subjected to loss of rights and mistreatment due to their place in the caste system. In the novel Q&A by Vikas Swarup, a street boy, Ram Mohammad Thomas narrates the events of mistreatment and abuse in not only his life, but several others characters with the same fate. Throughout the novel, the experiences of Ram, Salim and Nita are told, contributing to the privileging of social, gender and religious marginalisation in Indian society as foregrounded by Swarup.Ram Mohammad Thomas, throughout the novel narrates his experiences of marginalisation and mistreatment due to his social status in the caste system. Ram’s social marginalisation is privileged through the foregrounding of the caste system in Indian society where he is seen as an untouchable, someone who lives in a chawl, with no education, Ram states â€Å"†¦The brain is not an organ we are authorized to use. We are supposed to use only our hands and l egs. † (pg. 2), this foregrounds how as an untouchable in society, Ram is only seen as a slave to others, not someone with any kind of intelligence to have the mental capacity to partake in a quiz show. This is further foregrounded when Ram states â€Å"Like Godbole, you believe I am only good for serving chicken fry and whisky in a restaurant. That I am meant to live life like a dog and die an insect. Don’t you? † (pg. 29), further stating how in Indian society people believe the place in the caste position you are born, you must stay and not partake in activities which are meant for higher class people.Swarup positions the reader to feel sympathetic for Ram, by story after story of discrimination and see him as a representative of the untouchable class, someone who is just a street boy, with no control over their fate, and being at the bottom of the caste system leading him to be clearly shown as socially marginalised. Salim Ilyasi in the novel is Ram’s best friend, much like Ram, he is socially marginalised but also religiously marginalised for being Muslim.His marginalisation is privileged through several stories throughout the novel, Ram revealed (speaking about Salim’s experience) â€Å"The moment the Hindi’s heard this they went on a rampage. Armed with machetes and pickaxes, sticks and torches, they raided the homes of all the Muslim families†¦Before his very eyes they set fire to the hut†¦ His whole family was burnt to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 95). This quote illustrates how Salim’s family and many other Muslims, were marginalised and attacked purely because they were part of the religion that was getting accused.Further, his religious marginalisation is shown where Salim stated (recounting his experience to Ram) â€Å"This bastard is definitely a Muslim, let’s kill him’ †¦ ‘No. Killing him would be too easy. We will burn this motherfucker alive in this bus. Then he a nd his community will learn never to touch our homes,† (pg. 229), this further foregrounds how because Salim is Muslim, in Indian society he is religiously marginalised because of this. Along with the social and religious marginalisation associated with Ram and Salim, Nita is also gender marginalised through her religion.Nita’s religious and gender marginalisation is privileged through the foregrounding of the religion she was born into, where she was chosen to become a prostitute only because she was born a girl with more beauty than her sister. This is shown when Ram states (recounting what Nita told him about her religion) â€Å"She is a Bedia tribal girl from the Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh†¦ In her community, it is the tradition for one girl from each family to serve as a communal prostitute, called the Bedni.This girl earns money for her family, while the males spend their time drinking and playing cards. ‘This is why the birth of a girl is an occ asion to celebrate in our community, not a cause for gloom’† this foregrounds how in this one situation she is both gender marginalised for being a girl, and forced to become a prostitute, and religiously marginalised as this is not her choice, but the choice of her religion. Further, supporting the point of gender marginalisation against Nita in the book is the character Gudiya, who was abused by her father, Ram states â€Å"†¦ What was Gudiya’s crime?Simply that she was born a girl and Shantaram was her father†, this greatly privileges the aspect of marginalisation Swarup was aiming to depict and foregrounds that not only in that particular religion is gender marginalisation evident, but all over Indian society. In essence, throughout the novel Q&A by Vikas Swarup marginalisation is privileged through the foregrounding of the carefully created stories of mistreatment and abuse against several characters. This positions the reader to understand and a cknowledge the observation of Indian society and feel sympathetic for the representation of the untouchable class as interpreted in the novel.

50 Free Social Media Marketing Templates To Get More Done

50 Free Social Media Marketing Templates To Get More Done Social media can be a time suck, but it doesn’t have to be. With the right tools and templates, social media can be a powerful platform to connect with your audience. At , we’ve published tons of content helping marketers execute social media marketing more easily. Most of those posts include some useful templates and other resources. And in this post, we’ve gathered 50 of our best social media templates, all in one handy ZIP file you can download. These templates will walk you through everything you need to plan, execute, and measure a complete social media marketing strategy. Grab your templates now, then read through this post to learn how to use em all. in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Free Essays on Anti-imperialism

Anti-Imperialism In November, 1898, people who were opposed to an American policy, known as imperialism, band together to form the Anti-Imperialism League. â€Å"We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Carl Schurz 605). The behavior of expansionists was nothing but a rejection to the establishment of â€Å"liberty for all.† An idea was endorsed, which proposed, â€Å"The Constitution must follow the flag.† The American flag and laws went together. Anti-Imperialists felt people in territories controlled by the United States deserved the same rights as all American citizens. Samuel Gompers, labor leader, demurred taking over countries with no labor laws. He felt the people of the Caribbean and Pacific were being prepared for liberty, and were not ready for democracy. Overall, imperialism threatened the nation’s democratic fo undation. â€Å"Had the Filipinos been white and fought as bravely as they have, the war would have been ended and their independence granted a long time ago† (Bishop Alexander Walters 605). Anti-Imperialists saw racism beginning to commence in imperialistic policies. Racism is a belief that differences in character or intelligence are due to one’s race. The African American people were the first to be torn about this issue. They wanted to support the country, but racism was instigated by imperialism. Southern democrats resisted imperialism because of the effect of absorbing more races into the United States. Imperialistic policies would encourage people to migrate into the United States. â€Å"It is temperament that tells, and not schemes of national policy, whether laid down in Farewell addresses or in Utopian books. No national character was ever shaped by formula or by philosophy; for greater forces than these lie behind it, - the forces of inheritance and of... Free Essays on Anti-imperialism Free Essays on Anti-imperialism Anti-Imperialism In November, 1898, people who were opposed to an American policy, known as imperialism, band together to form the Anti-Imperialism League. â€Å"We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† (Carl Schurz 605). The behavior of expansionists was nothing but a rejection to the establishment of â€Å"liberty for all.† An idea was endorsed, which proposed, â€Å"The Constitution must follow the flag.† The American flag and laws went together. Anti-Imperialists felt people in territories controlled by the United States deserved the same rights as all American citizens. Samuel Gompers, labor leader, demurred taking over countries with no labor laws. He felt the people of the Caribbean and Pacific were being prepared for liberty, and were not ready for democracy. Overall, imperialism threatened the nation’s democratic fo undation. â€Å"Had the Filipinos been white and fought as bravely as they have, the war would have been ended and their independence granted a long time ago† (Bishop Alexander Walters 605). Anti-Imperialists saw racism beginning to commence in imperialistic policies. Racism is a belief that differences in character or intelligence are due to one’s race. The African American people were the first to be torn about this issue. They wanted to support the country, but racism was instigated by imperialism. Southern democrats resisted imperialism because of the effect of absorbing more races into the United States. Imperialistic policies would encourage people to migrate into the United States. â€Å"It is temperament that tells, and not schemes of national policy, whether laid down in Farewell addresses or in Utopian books. No national character was ever shaped by formula or by philosophy; for greater forces than these lie behind it, - the forces of inheritance and of...

Emily Murphy, Canadian Womens Rights Activist

Emily Murphy, Canadian Women's Rights Activist Emily Murphy (March 14, 1868–Oct. 27, 1933) was a strong advocate for Canadian women and children who led four other women, collectively called the Famous Five, in the Persons Case, which established the status of women as persons under the British North America (BNA) Act. An 1876 ruling had said that women are not persons in matters of rights and privileges in Canada. She also was the first female police magistrate in Canada and in the British Empire. Fast Facts: Emily Murphy Known For: Canadian womens rights activistBorn: March 14, 1868 in Cookstown, Ontario, CanadaParents: Isaac and Emily FergusonDied: Oct. 27, 1933 in Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaEducation:  Bishop Strachan SchoolPublished Works:  The Black Candle, The Impressions of Janey Canuck Abroad,  Janey Canuck in the West,  Open Trails, Seeds of PineAwards and Honors: Recognized as a  Person of National Historic Significance  by the government of CanadaSpouse: Arthur MurphyChildren: Madeleine, Evelyn, Doris, KathleenNotable Quote: We want women leaders today as never before. Leaders who are not afraid to be called names and who are willing to go out and fight. I think women can save civilization. Women are persons. Early Life Emily Murphy was born on March 14, 1868, in Cookstown, Ontario, Canada. Her parents, Isaac and Emily Ferguson, and her grandparents were well-to-do and highly educated. Two relatives had been Supreme Court justices, while her grandfather Ogle R. Gowan was a politician and newspaper owner. She was brought up on equal footing with her brothers, and, at a time when girls were often uneducated, Emily was sent to the prestigious Bishop Strachan School in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. While she was at school in Toronto, Emily met and married Arthur Murphy, a theological student who became an Anglican minister. The couple moved to Manitoba, and in 1907 they relocated to Edmonton, Alberta. The Murphys had four daughters- Madeleine, Evelyn, Doris, and Kathleen. Doris died in childhood, and some accounts say Madeline died at an early age as well. Early Career Murphy wrote four popular books of patriotic travel sketches under the pen name Janey Canuck between 1901 and 1914 and was the first woman appointed to the Edmonton Hospital Board in 1910. She was active in pressuring the Alberta government to pass the Dower Act, a 1917 law that prevents a married person  from selling the home without the consent of the spouse. She was a member of the Equal Franchise League and worked with activist Nellie McClung on winning voting rights for women. First Woman Magistrate In 1916, when she was prevented from attending a trial of prostitutes because it was deemed unsuitable for mixed company, Murphy protested to the attorney general and demanded that a special police court be set up to try women and that a female magistrate be appointed to preside over the court. The attorney general agreed and appointed Murphy as the police magistrate for the court in Edmonton, Alberta. On her first day in court, Murphys appointment was challenged by a lawyer because women were not considered persons under the BNA Act. The objection was overruled frequently and in 1917, the Alberta Supreme Court ruled that women were persons in Alberta. Murphy allowed her name to be put forward as a candidate for the Senate but was turned down by Prime Minister Robert Borden because the BNA Act still did not recognize women for consideration as senators. The Persons Case From 1917 to 1929, Murphy spearheaded the campaign to have a woman appointed to the Senate. She led the Famous Five in the Persons Case, which eventually established that women were persons under the BNA Act and so were qualified to be members of the Canadian Senate. Murphy became president of the new Federation of Womens Institutes in 1919. Murphy was active in many reform activities in the interests of women and children, including womens property rights under the Dower Act and the vote for women. She also worked to promote changes to the laws on drugs and narcotics. Controversial Causes Murphys varied causes led to her becoming a controversial figure. In 1922, she wrote The Black Candle about drug trafficking in Canada, advocating for laws against the use of drugs and narcotics. Her writing reflected the belief, typical of the times, that poverty, prostitution, alcohol, and drug abuse were caused by immigrants to western Canada. Like many others in Canadian womens suffrage and temperance groups of the time, she strongly supported the eugenics movement in Western Canada. Along with suffragette McClung and womens rights activist Irene Parlby, she lectured and campaigned for the involuntary sterilization of mentally deficient individuals. In 1928, the Alberta Legislative Assembly made the province the first to approve sterilization under the Alberta Sexual Sterilization Act. That law was not repealed until 1972, after nearly 3,000 individuals were sterilized under its authority. In 1933, British Columbia became the only other province to approve involuntary sterilization with a similar law that wasnt repealed until 1973. While Murphy did not become a member of the Canadian Senate, her work raising awareness of womens causes and changing laws to empower women was critical to the 1930 appointment of Cairine Wilson, the first woman to serve in the legislative body. Death Emily Murphy died of diabetes on Oct. 27, 1933, in Edmonton, Alberta. Legacy Though she and the rest of the Famous Five have been hailed for their support of property and voting rights for women, Murphys reputation suffered from her support for eugenics, her criticism of immigration, and her expressed concern that other races might take over white society. She warned that the upper crust with its delicious plums and dash of cream is likely to become at any time a mere toothsome morsel for the hungry, the abnormal, the criminals and the posterity of insane paupers.† Despite the controversies, there are statues dedicated to Murphy and other members of the Famous Five on  Parliament Hill in Ottawa and in the Olympic Plaza in Calgary. She also was named a  Person of National Historic Significance  by the Canadian government in 1958. Sources â€Å"Emily Murphy.†Ã‚  Biography Online.â€Å"Emily Murphy.† The Canadian Encyclopedia.Kome, Penney.  Women of Influence: Canadian Women and Politics. Toronto, Ontario, 1985. Doubleday Canada.

The Great Khan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Great Khan - Research Paper Example Chinggis Khan considered an influential leader, because he arranged and ensured the Mongols were well equipped so that they could overpower resisting forces and empiresii. In addition, Khan also believed in the power of organized communication because through effective communications respect would be exercised within the army. He ensured the army knew the significance of communication and information flowed easily between the squad and himself. Preparation was another factor used by Khan, to organize his army. He ensured the Mongols were well prepared before any fight. This allowed them adequate time to be ready for enemies. He also advocated for a well-laid plan before the army was involved in any battle. Khan was also known to be merciless. This feature made his soldiers respect him as a leader and thus he stood unopposed all the time. Mongols success can be attributed to Khan’s leadership skillsiii. The style in which Khan organized and equipped his army provided the Mongol s the power to defeat resisting forces and empires. The decisions made by Khan made the Mongols the most powerful empire in history. In addition, the military power of Mongols was considered the most powerful until the 20th century. The armies under the control of Khan were trained in magnificent tactics. The soldiers were required to master the use of horses and bows so that they could not lose in battles. Khan’s objective was to unite the diverse tribes into one and rule Asia. Khan believed in two philosophies â€Å"divide and conquer† and â€Å"strength in numbers†. The main tactic used by his soldiers involved dividing them into large groups, and surrounding their target before ambushing and conquering. The strength in numbers philosophy applied by ensuring more tribes united to develop the Mongolsiv. Mongol empire spread rapidly out of Asia by 1260. The empire destroyed old and powerful kingdoms in the Middle East and spread as far west as Egypt and Poland. The empire was the most powerful because of its war tactics applied in battlesv. The empire stretched as far as Russia. Mongol leadership in these areas incorporated them to the rest of the world. In addition, trade between Europe and Asia was promoted. The impact of Mongol empire and its unification factor could be felt even after it collapsed. One of the most significant legacies of the Mongol age is the development of the modern nation state that developed out of the ruins of the past Khanates. For over 400 years, unified china was inexistencevi. However, the Mongol empire established one country from three states, since, then China known to be unified as one state to date. Russia was also a development of the Mongols. Russia applied the centralization rule from the Mongols who had destroyed the decentralized governance of kievian Russia. Iran is another state affected by the Mongol rule. Prior to invasion by the Mongols, Iran had adopted Arabic culture used by most of the Middl e East countries. Mongols features dominated the governance and economic system applied by the Iranian government. The Mongol assisted in reinstating â€Å"shahname† as the Iranian state epic and in the introduction of â€Å"shism† that became dominant in later yearsvii. Europeans embraced the changes brought by Mongols in the world. Internationalization of Europe was largely motivated by Mongols. European countries embraced the

Bring Tare To Justice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bring Tare To Justice - Case Study Example In October 2007, a winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature donated her money for a campaign that holds Boney Tare accountable for the Anglo-Mesopotistani War in the criminal and civil courts of England. The Lobby started a campaign with the slogan, 'Bring Tare to Justice'. The lobby has approached for advice on the advantages and disadvantages of suing Boney Tare in Civil Courts for Torts of Trespass against Tare in person and against Misfeasance in Public Office. There are thus two ways that justice could be brought against Tare - that is, against Tare as a person and against Misfeasance in Public Office. The potential claimants at the Lobby who can help sue Tare are Omar, who has been interned by the British Army for the last four years in its Detention Facility in Mespotistan, Ali, who was the victim of torture by two British soldiers who were subsequently court-martialled for their acts. Doris, a UK citizen who has never been to Mespotistan, but who is strongly of the opinion Tare should pay exemplary damages to those he has trespassed against. Fatima, whose husband died in the March 2003 bombing raids. Considering an answer to these questions would be the best method to understand the ways in which any legal proceedings could be brought against Boney Tare both on the basis that he has wronged in person and that there has also been Misfeasance in Public Office. After considering the four potential claimants who can help sue and testify against, it can also be decided as to who would be better suited to testify against Tare. For law dealing with the Trespass against the Person, the first issue is whether the English Courts have jurisdiction over a decision taken in England to commit false imprisonments in Mespotistan. Boney Tare can be sued on the basis of Tort or for committing legal wrong of Trespass and Misfeasance. Tort is a branch of Civil law and although similar to criminal law Tort is a case between private parties so in this case, under Tort a case can be brought up against Tare as an individual and Omar who was at the detention facility in Mespotistan or Ali who was a victim of Torture could bring up the case against Tare. The court might order to pay damages to Ali or Omar or stop the wrongful activity (in this case, the invasion and war in Mespotistan). The bilateral aspect of Tort law allows victims to sue the injurers directly without blaming the state and this provision can allow

Acute Care Services Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Acute Care Services - Research Paper Example The hospital has a well-thought strategy for recruitment of nurses in the hospital. The strategy is a part of hospital’s overall staff recruitment policy which recognizes the importance of nurses in the quality healthcare provided by the hospital. The hospital recognizes recruitment as a basic function that holds key to proper functioning of the hospital in healthcare delivery. Therefore, recruitment is not an isolated but a central function that almost affects everything in the organization. The over-riding objective of the recruitment strategy is to attract competent and committed individuals who will make nursing a career and also stay for a long period in hospital service, in effect resolving the problem of frequent resignations leading to increased retention of nurses in ACUs of the hospital. Thus, recruitment of nurses for ACUs is based on an internal recruitment policy to recruit the best of qualified nurses and the strategy comprises the following strategic actions: Recruitment of nurses is an on-going biannual activity to fill available vacancies. Under this strategic mechanism, the required strength of 30 nurses for all ACUs should be maintained in any case so that the functioning of the hospital does not suffer. Under this approach applications are welcome from all interested qualifies nurses to register with the hospital database. The hospital conducts regular monthly reviews of all potential candidates fitting the requirements and invites them to the hospital for personal discussion.

Sunflower Incorporated.International Business Assignment

Sunflower Incorporated.International Business - Assignment Example Economic growth refers to an increase in the size of a country’s national income. It can also be defined as an increase in the amount of goods and services produced by the economy of a country over a given duration. To measure economic growth is to quantify the increase in the welfare of a country and derive with numerical accuracy of this large scale economic and social change. The formula for the calculation of economic growth is outlined below as; Economic Growth= Change in income/ Income of the Previous PeriodÃâ€" 100 Economic growth is crucial to the national economy well-being of any country and; therefore, requires the government to take the necessary actions to help its citizens to enhance that growth. Many factors that promote strong economic growth are connected to the business framework cycle and efforts directed towards improving the living standards for the consumers. Factors that stimulate economic growth are namely, healthy competition within the market place, innovations in technology, increases in labor supply, and expansion in value and extent of the resources available such as land. Other factors include; science progression and productive knowledge, growth of individual skills and government incentives, the cultivation of new markets in emerging nations, and finally the investment in foreign ventures all are stimulants of a strong economic growth. Central bank is a bank that is owned and operated by the government. It is also a government bank and a banker’s bank. The centr al bank stimulates strong economic growth by conducting monetary policy that controls the money supply in the economy and hence generates more production and high living standards. The central bank also maintains the stability of exchange rates, ensures equitable distribution of income, stable prices of commodities and high levels of employment as ways of influencing the economic expansion. The government banker also sets the official rates of interest that are utilized to manage inflation so that economic growth can be positive and quantifiable. A trade deficit arises when a country buys or imports more than it sells or exports to other countries. A trade deficit is not necessarily undesirable. It bestows benefits and carries some costs and the benefits may outweigh the costs. Trade deficits are a vehicle for extending the gains from trade, where lending and borrowing among nations can lead to a more saving allocation efficiency, and preferred consumption pattern overtime (Sloman, John & Mark 24). Trade deficits do not necessarily cause slower economic growth or lead to any economy-wide job losses. However, a persistent trade deficit is harmful to the national economy since it may decrease aggregate demand and also reduce the actual Gross Domestic product by diverting manpower and finances from competing ventures like imports and exports where these resources are required most due to their productivity. Another consequence is the high levels of foreign investment into the deficit country. This has the effect of hurting investment locally as local investors prefer to keep assets than invest them due to their favorable nature. A persistent high trade deficit in a country can cause economic hardship in the long run in case of changes in political leadership or the beginning of a war. Persistent trade deficits tend to make countries more exposed to global variations in costs and products. This vulnerability though short-lived can produce risks that are highly une xpected for investors. International financial and monetary activities are becoming more integrated since they bring the countries involved more extensive international

Farm Subsidies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Farm Subsidies - Assignment Example Farm subsidies should be phased out to accommodate contemporary trends in agriculture. Resources directed to farm subsidies could be invested in more productive projects that lack complementary alternatives. There are numerous alternatives in acquiring farm produce in the event that local farmers fail to meet local demand. An outstanding alternative is importation of farm produce. Prices of imported farm produce are relatively low due to absolute or comparative advantages enjoyed by the source of exports. In the contemporary times, every aspect of production has become oriented towards international interdependence. Supplying products and services at the minimum cost possible is the primary objective that any given business entity seeks to achieve. This is more so due to the fact that business enterprises operate under a profit motive. Even with farm subsidies eliminated, product supply in the markets can still remain constant or even increase through agricultural businesses (Miller & Spoolman, 2011). Therefore, farm subsidies should be phased

How do you intend to use the skills and knowledge gained from the Essay

How do you intend to use the skills and knowledge gained from the Public Sector Leadership and Management Institute in your current position - Essay Example The public will thus get the avenue of expressing their concern and ventilating their grievances. Consequently, the local government will improve the quality of service in their jurisdiction. In addition, the implementation of a customer relationship management will ensure that there is attraction, retention, and getting back former customers to the organization. From the knowledge leant, one is able to implement a system which is customer friendly and that reduces resistance to change. Strong resistance forces that require basic knowledge on change management commonly meet the alteration of the status quo (Christensen & Per 25). There is thus need to ensure that the implementation is gradual and that majority if not all of the clients are involved in the process as learnt in change management. From the knowledge acquired, it will be easy to adopt simple procedures that reduce costs and increase response and satisfaction of customers. Moreover, the skills acquired through the training will assist in ensuring that the policies of the local government are strategic and future oriented. The feasibility skills and evaluation possibility will be applied in monitoring progress and detecting deviations so that corrective actions are pursued (Christensen & Per 25). In conclusion, the skills and knowledge obtained is instrumental in the general understanding of management process as well as the need to improve institutional performance. the knowledge and skills has to be applied after carefully evaluating the impact and earning the confidence of stakeholders. The process should be flexible to look at the diverse nature of interests of

Farm Subsidies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Farm Subsidies - Assignment Example Farm subsidies should be phased out to accommodate contemporary trends in agriculture. Resources directed to farm subsidies could be invested in more productive projects that lack complementary alternatives. There are numerous alternatives in acquiring farm produce in the event that local farmers fail to meet local demand. An outstanding alternative is importation of farm produce. Prices of imported farm produce are relatively low due to absolute or comparative advantages enjoyed by the source of exports. In the contemporary times, every aspect of production has become oriented towards international interdependence. Supplying products and services at the minimum cost possible is the primary objective that any given business entity seeks to achieve. This is more so due to the fact that business enterprises operate under a profit motive. Even with farm subsidies eliminated, product supply in the markets can still remain constant or even increase through agricultural businesses (Miller & Spoolman, 2011). Therefore, farm subsidies should be phased

Tea with the birds Essay Example for Free

Tea with the birds Essay The human being is a social creature with an essential need to socialize, but in our modern society many people feel that they are isolated and lonely in a world surrounded by people. The people of modern society are prejudice and judgmental towards the ‘unknown’ person, and we will rather observe and assume things about each other than getting to know one another. This is also the case for the main character and her neighbors in Joanne Harris novel ‘Tea with the birds’ from 2001. The narrator lives in a flat in Mortimer Street. The narrator describes Mortimer Street as being â€Å"busy without being comfortable; crowded without being friendly†.Mortimer street has a sense of coldness around it, and no-one really knows their neighbors even though they â€Å"live like birds in cages†. The coldness suits the narrator, because she enjoys the solitude, privacy and silence of her own flat. This has aroused her neighbors’ curiosity and suspicious towards her, because as she describes â€Å"I’m a completely different race from my neighbors†. Both the narrator and her neighbors consider her as an outsider, but this does not bother the narrator. Her neighbors consider her as being snobby cause of her reluctance to speak with them. Therefore her neighbors observe her and presume, she is a student nurse and she doesn’t bother to correct them. Mortimer Street is a reflection on the narrators own personality. She is very introverted and doesn’t have an interest in getting to know her neighbors. The narrator lives her lonely life, until the day when Mr. Juzo Tamaoki moves in the apartment opposite to hers. â€Å"Another foreigner said the Mortimer Street grapevine, with barely concealed disapproval†. This once again shows Mortimer Streets residents’ insecurity towards anyone different from them self. When the narrator and Mr. Tamaoki meet, his expression reminds her of a bird, she once saw in a zoo and still sees every morning, when she looks in the mirror. The bird resembles the narrator in the way that it has been bred in captivity, and the narrator has been kept in captivity in the two years she spent in a psychological hospital. The two years of solitude and silence and being hidden away from others has affected the narrator’s psychology, as she is now overwhelmed by the free and loud world and she has become introverted. The narrators` only wishes towards Mr. Tamaoki is that he will be quiet and leave her alone, and to her surprise he is the most silent neighbor, she ever had and he keeps to himself. Mr. Tamaoki begins to awaken her curiosity and interest, as she realizes that he is as much a foreigner in Mortimer Street as herself. He always nods and smiles, when he meets the narrator. This is the only kind of social contact, they have with each other. Mr. Tamaoki seems as the perfect neighbor, until he starts receiving a delivery of groceries at five-thirty in morning, which wakes the narrator because she suffers from insomnia. The narrator tries to complain to Mr. Tamaoki by pinning notes to his door, and she starts to resent Mr. Tamaoki for his lack of responds. The narrator’s irritation over Mr. Tamaoki lack of responds shows that she has an interest in social human contact. The narrator doesn’t want to admit her interest in social human contact, so she disguises her interest as irritation and resentment. The narrator starts observing Mr. Tamaoki and becomes like the neighbors’ without noticing it herself. Mr. Tamaoki is both a reflection of the narrator’s current person and the person, she wishes to become even though the narrator is ignorant of this fact. Mr. Tamaoki is a foreigner in a new country, where he does not speak the native language. This isolates him from the rest of Mortimer Streets residents. The narrator thinks that Mr. Tamaoki resembles herself ,because she believes that he has chosen to isolate himself from the other residents’ of Mortimer Street. This however is not the case. The narrator overhears Mr. Tamaoki practicing English phrases and this shows that Mr. Tamaoki has a desire to interact with people. This desire is shown again, when Mr. Tamaoki invites the narrator in for a cup of tea. This interaction translates to the title of the novel. The narrator has previously compared Mr. Tamaoki and herself to the bird from the zoo. Now the two birds are sitting in Mr. Tamaoki apartment drinking tea. Even though the narrator and Mr. Tamaoki sit in silence, she feels comfortable around another person. Mr. Tamaoki stands op after a while and get the narrator to look in the refrigerator. There she sees a colorful display of vegetable birds. She is amazed, and she notices how beautiful and detailed every bird is. The narrator`s anger towards the vegetable delivery disappears. When the narrator was unaware of the use of the vegetables’ ,they were an irritation to her but after she discovered the use of them, she sees the beauty in them. The narrator describes how people would perhaps wonder the birds briefly but they where most likely to ignore them altogether and therefore ever discover their beauty. These birds are a symbol of how the people of modern society observe and do not make an effort to discover the beauty and details of others. Mr. Tamaoki leaves Mortimer Street soon after the visit. Mortimer Street was Mr. Tamaokis nest. It was isolated and safe from the rest of world, but Mr. Tamaoki has left the nest by moving and is now facing the world. The narrator starts missing the sounds and movements coming from Mr. Tamaoki apartment after his departure. The coldness of Mortimer Street is no longer a comfort to her, and the narrator starts noticing her other neighbors. One day she finds the door to Mr. Tamaoki apartment open, and she goes inside where she finds a packet of Japanese green tea with her name on it. The narrator decides to invite her new neighbor in for a cup of tea. The departure of Mr. Tamaoki has made the narrator realize that people are not supposed to live like birds in cages. People should interact with each other like birds are meant to be flying among other birds and not be watched though the bars of a cage. The novel also ends with â€Å"†¦ In the semi-darkness of my room, with the fire casting stilted red shadows on the wall, the rising steam looked like a bird’s wings fluttering, ready to fly away.† The narrator is now ready to fly freely among other people.

Ethical Responsibility Of The Airline Industry Management Essay

Ethical Responsibility Of The Airline Industry Management Essay The internal and external environment of an organization is related to managerial ethics and also corporate social responsibility in the process of management. This report focuses on the airport industry. In my report, there is the meaning of all factors and also an analysis of the airport industry. I expect that this report will help us know more about some key areas that need to be improved and understand key management. Ethical Responsibility of the Airline Industry Introduction The business of international airline has developed as businesses progressively are rotating worldwide in periods of their investments, provide and output chains and their consumers. The fast development of world business in items and services and worldwide direct buying have furthermore supplemented in the development of enterprise travel? One thing that actually influenced people about the industry of airline was their proficiency to sustain high earnings and sustain high clientele groundwork even after the September 11 attacks and the 2002 recession (John, 2005). The worldwide charges have expanded due to advanced security methods while localized or nationwide charges are very inexpensive to consumers. Discussion Airlines achievement is mainly due to their pointed aim. This is apparent through their no-frills, low-cost model; their aim is to supply the safest and cheapest pattern of air travel between two destinations. Driven through the concept that consumers can be persuaded without having costly choices accessible for them, International Air Transport Association, IATA, outlooks a boost in worldwide air travel through an mean 6.6% a year to the end of the ten years and over 5% a year from 2000 to 2010 (John, 2005). These rates are alike to those of the past 10 years. According to the last four years, outcomes of airlines economic advancement have sustained stable snare sales. In 1999, they had a mean snare sale of $6,739 million, which is an increase to $7,565 million. Their minor fall in 2002 to $7,225 million was due to the September 11th occurrence (Graham, 2010). However, this is not anything contrasted to other foremost commerce that had lost so much more. Since then, numerous airline s and airports have filed for insolvency and have been compelled to close down. In detail, airlines are the only foremost US carrier to stay money-making since then; airlines were influenced through the poor financial situation (John, 2005). A number of components are compelling airlines to become more proficient. In Europe, the European Union (EU) has directed that authorities must not be permitted to sponsor their loss-making airlines. In several other countries, governments anxieties over their own investments and acknowledgement of the advantages of privatization have directed to a stepwise move of possession of airlines from the state to the personal area. In alignment to apply to potential shareholders, the airlines have become more effective and aggressive. There are other causes as to why there has been a boost in air travel. Firstly there has been a decline in employed time since 1971 producing and boost in free time. Emerging trends Fast rising volumes of traffic and estimations of continued expansion into the next decades has damage on the airport capability. Industries of Airbus, for instance, expects a standard yearly traveler traffic development rate of 5.0 percent throughout the next 20 years, which means that throughout this time traffic will raise by 168 percent. At the same time, tolerance of the public environmental effects of air traffic around airports like noise, air contamination and third party danger would emerge and have to be reduced. These contradictory styles of direct airlines, airports , organizations of air traffic control and the industry of equipment and aircraft to plan latest innovative ways and technologies of working aircraft and airports in order to gather both the capacity demands and the environmental limitations. Safety is not the objective of these developments; it is a mere constraint. Consequently, new hazards emerge and accessible dangers become complicated to maintain unless proper concentration is given to security features in this arrangement of rising trends. A latest aspect, third party danger, presented itself as a security distress in a rising number of European states. Airports are centers in the system of air transport. Therefore, their attendance causes a junction of air traffic over the region nearby the airport. For the people living in the surrounding area of an airport this involves unintentional experience to the danger of aircraft mishaps. Even though the possibility of a mishap per flight is extremely small (normally in the order of 1 in one million), local danger levels around airports are higher than one may think. The resulting yearly possibility of a mishap at a distinctive large airport is so much larger than the small possibility of being concerned in an aircraft mishap as a passenger. In addition, mishaps have a propensity to happen throughout the landing and take-off stages of flight and therefore close to an airport. Security information from researches describes that approach and landing stage mishaps account for a major part of fatal air transport mishaps. It can be observed that 82 percent of the accidents of world jet aircraft fleet 1988-1997 happened in these flight stages and recorded for 58 percent of every wounded. Historical information verifies that accidents of aircraft relating significant numbers of third party sufferers happen numerous times a year. Perhaps the best recognized example is the terrible mishap of a Boeing 747 in suburban Amsterdam in 1992. Latest mishaps happened in Taiwan (Taipeh), Russia (Irkoetsk), Paraguay and Zaire (219 3rd party victims). This environmental effect is of rising consequence to airports security liability and decision making on airport improvement and land-use development for airports. Airports play a significant function in the security of air travel. A current study of mishaps described that around 30 percent of these mishaps related at least one airport concerned aspect in the fundamental chain leading up to the accident. Airport related factors in this case are taken as those factors which are specific to the airport environment but are not necessarily owned by the airport (and can therefore include concerns like fog, snow, inadequate ATC guidance, etc.). The comparative value of airport fundamental aspects can be anticipated from their comparative frequency of incidence in fundamental series of mishaps in the dataset. To this end, the 76 various airport connected fundamental aspects discovered, were grouped into seven groups. These groups are:  · Marking and Lighting  · Taxiways and runways  · Information  · External dangers  · Ramp and apron and  · ATC procedures and operations  · Aerodrome Definition of social responsibility Social responsibility is the managerial obligation to take action that protects and improves both the welfare of society as a whole and interests of the organization means, not an end. To be socially responsible, the airline industry must have a clear, rational definition of social purpose, a system of setting priorities based on their social implications, and a structured, integrated approach to financial and social action (Graham, 2010). Implicit in social responsibility is a new definition of success for small business. Area of Social Responsibility When defining its sense of social responsibility, airline industries typically confronts four areas of concern: responsibilities toward the employees, environment, customers and its investors (John, 2003). Social responsibility towards employees In the best tradition of participative management, the airline industries invited all its employees to join in forging a new statement of values to avoid massive layoffs. These included teamwork, mutual respect, and professionalism, all duly inscribed on, among other places, coffee cups at office, so that, every time you had some coffee, you drank the values, too (Gurpreet, 2003). Employees needs must be met if the business itself is to prosper. Relationships of decency and trust are central to the achievement of the airline industries aim. Employees who in the form of dirty lavatories, lack of privacy or unjust wage structures, will be unwilling to contribute to the airline industries. Do people imagine a worker might be inclined to maximize his/her profits by stretching out the work to get more overtime or perhaps even a little Sunday double time? And just as employees need to believe in the companys commitment to treating them with decency, they expect to be treated justly and fai rly, not be used and then arbitrarily rejected. If they can strike a fair deal with people theyll come back for more. In the long run, airline industries will do that much better. Social responsibility towards investors The views of shareholders / investors might have encouraged responsibility in the airline industries. Stockholders want the company to make as much money for them as possible (Gurpreet, 2003). Their objectives differ and they are not confined to furthering the strictly economic role of companies. Indeed, recent developments in the area of ethical investment trusts would seem to indicate that many investors, like employees, are very keen to feel good about the firms in which they are involved. Certainly not all of them are simply after a quick financial return and they are often clear about areas like tobacco, alcohol, gambling, or arms into which they do not want to, put their money (John, 2003). Social responsibility towards customers Obviously, a company should act responsibility towards its customers and provide quality products and pricing product fairly based on consumer rights (Graham, 2010). Consumers have a right to safe products, most completed instruction and product testing. Consumers have a right to be informed about all relevant aspects of a product. Social responsibility towards environment Good environmental management can improve employee morale and help attract better quality staff, cut costs by eliminating waste and saving energy, and bring competitive advantage by putting the company at the forefront of technical and regulatory development. Firms in numerous other industries have also integrated socially conscious thinking into their production plans and marketing efforts. The production of environmentally safe products, for example, has become a potential boom area, designing products to be environmentally friendly. Sales of vegetable-based cleaning products, recycled paper products and all natural toiletries are a few examples. Approaches to social responsibility There are four approaches to social responsibility. First is obstructionist approach. Second is defensive approach. Third is accommodative approach. And fourth is proactive approach. Advantages of behave social responsibility Using social responsibility to spot out new markets isnt a matter of recognizing that these opportunities exist. That means we may have to be content with a smaller profit margin in exchange for gaining a new market, and never make the mistake of assuming that a less-affluent market is any less choosy than the well off when it comes to buying habits. Disadvantages of behaving in an unsocial manor Unethical and irresponsibility business practices towards customers can result in government fines and loss of clientele. Collusion occurs when two or more firms agree to collaborate on such wrongful acts such as fixed pricing. However irresponsible behavior towards investors means abuse of a firms financial resources. In such cases, the ultimate losers are indeed the owners who did not receive there due earnings or dividends. Companies can act irresponsibility by misrepresent ting company resources such as improper financial management, check kiting, insider trading, and misrepresentation of finances (John, 2003). Case study There is an example of Malaysia Airlines System (MAS) as a case study. As an employer, insurer, consumer and investor, MAS has studied that the social responsible can be reflected in its environment, community, workforce, human rights, health and safety, suppliers, customers and standards of business practice. Every member is committed to continuous improvement in the corporate social responsibility program and this encourages those business partners to strive for matching performance. Thus, they recognize that the business activities have direct and indirect impacts on the society in which is operating all the time and carried out some policies as below: a) Employee appreciation and prizes: MAS realizes that workers are inclined to enlist in demeanor that is identified and paid and bypass demeanor that is punished. The system of employing, chartering, encouraging, reimbursing and openly respecting workers all may be conceived to encourage business communal duty. b) Communication, education and training: MAS identified that workers will not be held responsible if they are not cognizant of its significance and supplied with the data and devices they need to proceed properly in bearing their job requirements. They announce the significance of business communal blame internally, encompass it as a subject in administration teaching programs, and supply managers and workers with decision-making methods that support them accomplish to blame results. c) Environment: MAS has an encouraging dream of a cleaner, smarter development in aviation which maximizes the affirmative advantages for humanity facilitating prosperity, regeneration, local and UK competitiveness, heritage exchange and communal addition while minimizing contradictory communal and ecological influences (David, 2009). d) Practices of business: It has habitually integrating schemes, inducements and pay schemes to make sure that sustainable improvement main concerns are echoed in day-to-day conclusions and procedures at each of the airports. By advancing presentation through objectives, externally audited goals, key presentation signs and by mirroring these main concerns in connections with enterprise suppliers and partners. By looking through MAS past accomplishments, they have struggled to assist the buyer better and have obtained worldwide acclaim from numerous unaligned associations for diverse facets of their services. Their peak administration group obtained an accolade from the Asian Institute of Management and the World Executive Digest, for its excellence in general administration and achievement in positioning itself in the airline industry. Going as far back as 1957, they obtained the Cumber Batch Trophy for no misfortune record (John, 2003). In year 1995, the Boeing Commercial Aircraft Company provided Malaysia a Pride in Excellence Award in accomplishing reliability excellence for the B737-400 fleet (David, 2009). Malaysia Airlines performance has a crucial function in projecting Malaysia as a favored and worth for cash tourist place traveled to through comprehensive on-going junction advancements with tourism in Malaysia at main markets to boost tourist appearances into Malaysia. Conclusion Malaysia Airlines can play a role of leadership in influencing the behavior of others, from business partners to industry colleagues to neighboring businesses. The entire company has been acting conscientiously and thinking long term because they recognize that eventually it is in everyones best interests to have as several companies as possibly honoring the expectations and requirements of responsibility of corporate social. It endeavors to control every procedure in a responsible approach, believing that sound and provable performance in relation to business social responsibility rules and practices is a basic element of business success.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy Education Teaching Essays

My Educational Philosophy I believe that children are like sponges; eager to absorb the knowledge we have to give them. It is up to us as teachers to make sure they are given the correct information to develop into individuals that can function in today’s society. Undertaking this responsibility, you have to prepare. In doing this just look at real life and is it just sitting and memorizing? No. In real life you are actively involved in what you do. I believe that the learning process needs to be an active learning experience. If a child is actively involved in learning he will retain much more. An example of this is when I taught Pre-school and we were learning the parts of the body. Five minutes after telling the children the different parts of the body just one child could remember where his shin was. So, I went into active teaching by song, using the song â€Å"She waded in the water†. In this song, you point to the different parts of the body that get wet. The next day, most of the children still remembered the song and could point to the correct parts of the body. You can actively involve the children in the learning process by scientific experiments, cooking, song, dance, games, contests, puppets, reenactments†¦ a nd the list goes on and on. I feel that planning your lessons to include many of the senses is very valuable in the learning process. In doing so I realize it will take more time and effort but it will be well worth it to reach the children in ways that will involve them actively in the learning process. By doing this keeping the attention of more of them and in the long run they will retain more of the material introduced to them. Memorizing is a very important part of the learning process, but sometimes you can memorize and have fun doing it. I feel that positive and timely feedback is very important. This includes papers graded and handed back promptly. I will allow questions to be answered concerning the results on the papers graded. I feel that a child’s input is very valuable. You can learn a lot about a child by listening to him. Parents have a very important role in the development and education of the children.

Women in Tibet Essay -- Birth Abortion Rights Inferiority Papers

Women in Tibet Although Buddhism embraces compassion as the means to end suffering, the Chinese occupation of 1949 used force and torture to manipulate the Tibetan people, despite the country’s strong pacifist beliefs. Chinese troops aimed to imprison anyone who demonstrates support for the Dalai Lama and often looked for excuses to make public mockeries of these people. In order to implement this idea of genocide in Tibetan culture, China used the practice of ethnic cleansing, or eliminating the Tibetan race; therefore, women were highly stigmatized because of their role in bearing children. Treating the victims as insects, the Chinese forced sterilizations and abortions upon the Tibetan women to ensure their extermination. Continuing to ignore all regulations to treat women as equal to men and to practice safe methods of birth control, China still sterilizes Tibetan women today, leaving them not only with the scar of their surgery, but also a lifetime imprint of the pain and suffering that the Tibetan people have endured for over fifty years. Although so much time has passed since Chinese troops first occupied Tibet, people around the world are starting to realize the horror of this situation as organizations have begun to take action against this dehumanization of Tibetans so that the suffering of these people can finally be eased. Throughout history, women have been viewed as inferior to their male counterparts; however, although Tibet claims to issue women equal rights, the gender gap vastly surpasses the differences seen in America. Even today, Western and Tibetan women are not officially recognized by the Tibetan government in exile, even though the Dalai Lama recently advocated the full ordination of women (Young, ... ...omen of the Himalayas: a journey of the heart, mind and spirit. Colorado Woman News, 13(5), 28. Ma, N. (1999). Tibetan women endangered. America, 180(1), 8-10. Nelson, S. (1999). Buddhist nuns delight crowd. Women’s View from Ethnic and Minority Press, 12(3), 12. Pinto, S. (1999). Pregnancy and childbirth in Tibetan culture. In K.L. Tsomo (Ed.), Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations (pp. 159-168). New York: State University of New York Press. (1994). Tibetan women denied their reproductive rights. Women Envision, 9, 12. (1995). We are using the Beijing process†¦to make our voices heard. The Tribune, 53, 8. (1996). The world is still watching. Herizons, 10(3), 13. Young, S. (2000). Women changing Tibet, activism changing women. In E.B. Findly (Ed.), Women’s Buddhism, Buddhism’s women (pp. 229-242). Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publication.

DISC Platinum Rule Personality Assessment

A good listener, a great companion, trustworthy, and the facility to finish what one started – these are the adjectives used to describe people who characterize the personality of the Steadiness Style. These words describe the strengths of the Steadiness Styles, and depict what characteristics help them in order to accomplish their life goals. If we talk about social interaction and relationships, the Steadiness Styles lead all the other personality styles. They are open to intermingling with other people, most often influenced by their being open communicators and sociability.Although they may not appear to be the life of the party like the Interactive Styles, the Steadiness Styles draw attention from people just the same because they are good listeners. In addition, when they talk with other people, they always make sure that they express support and are able to understand the situation and emotions of the people they are in contact with. Their image of dependability and tru stworthiness draw other people to open their hearts to the Steadiness Styles.In some instances, the Steadiness Styles appear to be passive and round about, allowing other individuals to see them as obedient and yielding. This kind of attitude allows them to draw other people who are willing to also listen to them and be trustworthy like the Steadiness Styles. In short, their goodness when it comes to listening and being trustworthy comes back to them as expressed by the people with the same attitude who will also listen to and support them willingly. The purpose of the Steadiness Styles in their daily living activities is to soothe them and find comfort in stability.As the name of the style expresses, steadiness is what they seek. They find solace in a well-adjusted life, and because of this, they tend to take life easy by going about it as leisurely as possible. The Steadiness Styles are careful enough not to do things or make decisions that would disrupt the stability of their lif e. Among the four personality styles mentioned in the DISC Platinum Rule Assessment, the Steadiness Styles are said to be slower-paced than usual. They take life one step at a time by thinking and rethinking their lives, decisions, actions over time and again.When it is time to make a decision, the Steadiness Styles depend on other people to help them make the right choices. This is brought about by their need to interact with people and gain their appreciation. The Steadiness Styles ask for opinions from other people and they think about all the options that are available before finally choosing one absolute path to take. When it is time to act out the decision, they still need to ask the impression of other people about the decision that she is about to make.In this attribute of the Steadiness Style, we can observe that they are overly dependent on other people, and they are constantly searching for social interaction, relationships, and involvement from other individuals. The ass essment amusingly expressed that if we look at the work space of an individual who is a Steadiness Style, we would often see pictures of them with other people which greatly shows how they are attached to everyone they have encountered in their lives.Furthermore, this attachment to other people is manifested by their avoidance of disagreements. For the Steadiness Styles, they are most likely to live within a situation or an environment which is unpleasant to them, rather than be in a conflict with other people. As a result, the Steadiness Styles tend to say the things that other people want to hear or would agree with than express a genuine remark which they know would cause trouble between them and the people surrounding them.These desirable characters all in all will get them jobs that are appropriate to their attitudes such as a financial advisor, an insurance agent, a counselor, a teacher or a social worker, doctor or nurse, personal assistance, a customer service representative s, and the likes (as cited in the DISC Platinum Assessment report. Another aspect described by the report includes how the Steadiness Styles act in the work place. For these styles, they display desirable work characteristics and ethics because they courteous by showing respect to their superiors and colleagues, approachable, and responsible.We should remember that the Steadiness Styles are people-oriented; therefore, they are also good team players. They share tasks when asked to work with a team making them a valuable employee and colleague. As to the Steadiness Styles’ weaknesses, they are oversensitive and emotional, too submissive, slow-paced, and are unskilled in goal setting. For the Steadiness Styles to be able to counter their weaknesses and allow for improvement and development, the DISC Platinum Assessment report mentioned some pointers on how they may be able to continue improving their character.The Steadiness Styles should see to it that they are able to handle change in an accepting manner. Since their goal in life is to achieve steadiness, they are often shaken up by change causing them to be unsettled and unproductive. Change is a natural process that individuals cannot avoid; therefore, it is about time that the Steadiness Styles train themselves to handle change better. At some points in their lives, especially in the work place, everyone will be tasked to handle a leadership or managerial position.This would hurt the career of the Steadiness Styles if they are unable to pick themselves up and act accordingly to the changes that are required of them. In short, they should be able to handle stress and pressure that sudden changes eventually bring to them. The Steadiness Styles are also described as action-oriented. They are focused on doing and accomplishing things through action that they seem to lack in their logical thinking and analytical skills. It would help them a great deal if they learn how to think and analyze things by tappi ng into their creativity and innovativeness.They need to motivate themselves go beyond what they already know and discover a whole lot of unexplored ideas and thoughts that would contribute to their knowledge and experience, adding to their character and sense of being. When it comes to their interest in getting involved with other people and building relationships, they should keep in mind that they have their own identity and not depend so much on other people. As mentioned above in their characteristics, they avoid conflicts with other people by being passive and obedient.This is a weakness that should be changed in order to achieve greater potential. They should be comfortable with who they are, what they think, what they want to do, and what they want to say, even if it means that other people will not agree with them. This will help in self-empowerment and also strengthening their relationship with other people by being true with themselves and their family, friends, and colle agues. I do not entirely agree with results of this assessment because there are other characteristics in the report which I do not observe to be doing in my everyday life.I agree with the report because I actually do love company and I love meeting other people because I am interested to know who they are. However, I am more likely to express my opinion with other people even if I know they will not agree with me. Perhaps, I have surpassed my passiveness. In line with the issue though, I remember when I was younger, I would act passively with other people. I will not air comments or any other opinions, but rather, I listen to the remarks of other people. Now that I am older, I guess I have conquered that fear of rejection.I also agree with the report because I always see to it that everything in my life is in place. I do not like chaos, especially when I look at my life. I always want stability that is why I go to great lengths in order to achieve it. Overall, the DISC Platinum Ass essment activity has been engaging because it mirrors, although not entirely, who I am, and it gives suggestions on how I should change myself in order to become a better person and in turn, achieve my life goals straightforwardly.

Political Theory and the Great Gatsby

In his article â€Å"‘A New World, Material Without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby,† Ross Posnock establishes Fitzgerald's interest in Marxism by placing him as a Nietzschean Marxist and contemporizing him with Georg Lukacs's History and Class Consciousness, printed in 1923, and with Marx's theories by extension, attempting to â€Å"demonstrate how deeply Marx's critique is assimilated into the novel's imaginative life,† although he is careful to point out that Fitzgerald â€Å"does not share their abhorrence of capitalism† [201]. Posnock offers a close reading of material objects and Gatsby's subsequent mystification with them to analyze the conflict between the individual and society, Nietzsche and Marx. I would suggest a revision to Posnock's analysis of The Great Gatsby, reidentifying the material world Posnock places as â€Å"Gatsby's† as that of the Buchanans, with Gatsby an implicit imposter. As Habermas summarizes, Nietzsche's theory of knowledge is replaced by a perspectival theory of the affects whose highest principle is â€Å"that every belief, every taking-for-true, is necessarily false because there is no true world† [Habermas 122]. In analyzing the material acquisitions of Gatsby, Posnock seems to demonstrate how Gatsby attempts to create himself, to make his world real, through the material values of the Buchanans. Yet his past and his characteristics, his â€Å"old sport† catchphrase, are all a smokescreen diverting us from knowing the true character of Gatsby. Nietzsche would seem to offer the explanation that there is no real Gatsby. Coppola similarly provides a material reading of Gatsby in the opening sequence of his screenplay, as he moves the audience from Gatsby's cars to his concert Steinway, crystal decanters, a toilet set of pure dull gold, rows and rows of fine suits (plus one military uniform), and an emerald ring [Coppola 1-3]. Posnock and Coppola seem to see a system of material enclosure created by the Tom Buchanans of the world, the American aristocracy, complete with moral values. The system has created the parameters by which Gatsby may define himself, by his possessions. Reexaminations of Marxism, such as the thought of Jurgen Habermas, investigates the social and cultural implications about which Marx wrote, allowing for deeper analysis than Posnock's superficial offering. If my understanding is correct, in Legitimation Crisis, Habermas looks at socio-cultural crisis tendencies and how they reflect political and economic systems crises, saying that input crises of the socio-cultural system are output crises of economic and political systems, or that the crises of the political and economic systems manifest themselves through the socio-cultural system. Thus, the crisis of an impostor illegally climbing the class hierarchy, acquiring power and influence, manifests itself socially, in the conflict between Tom and Gatsby for Daisy's love. But this social crisis has political and economic consequences as well, reflected through our narrator. According to Habermas, â€Å"In advanced capitalism, [changes in the socio-cultural system] are becoming apparent at the level of cultural tradition (moral systems, world views) as well as at the level of structural change †¦ and core components of the bourgeois ideology become questionable (endangering civil and familial-professional privatism)† [48-49]. The socio-cultural system lagged behind while the economic system moved from traditional to liberal capitalism (laissez-faire capitalism). As the economic system moved into advanced capitalism with the power of the Progressives (beginning with Theodore Roosevelt), the socio-cultural system caught up as well, forcing changes in input from the political system. Consequently, the political system has interfered more with civic privatism, including the New Deal and Lyndon Johnson's â€Å"Great Society† programs, in a search to build new, satisfactory normative structures while older but imperative normative structures, like education, have lagged behind, jeopardizing the economic system. The Great Gatsby is set at the socio-cultural junction that Habermas describes. Essentially, our nation was coming of age, and the booming period of the 1920s could be interpreted as a dysfunctional attempt to enjoy the newly-available economic riches. In terms of Gatsby, the conflict between Gatsby and Buchanan really focuses on Nick Carraway, our narrator. In the same way that Gatsby has already chosen to define himself via the social norms established, Nick must now also decide how to define himself as he claims his voice as narrator. According to Judith Butler, who is interpreting Lacan, â€Å"Entrance into language comes at a price: the norms that govern the inception of the speaking subject differentiate the subject from the unspeakable, that is, produce an unspeakability as the condition of subject formation† [Butler 135]. We encounter Nick after his coming of age, marked by his 30th birthday on the evening of Tom and Gatsby's confrontation, a day when â€Å"the transition from libertine to prig was so complete† [Fitzgerald 137], after he is allowed a voice. In fact, Carraway is only offered the opportunity to speak by his laissez-faire reaction to the moral dilemma. According to Butler: Although psychoanalysis refers to this inception of the subject as taking place in infancy, this primary relation to speech, the subject's entry into language by way of the originary ‘bar' is reinvoked in political life when the question of being able to speak is once again a condition of the subject's survival. The question of the ‘cost' of this survival is not simply that an unconscious is produced that cannot be fully assimilated to the ego, or that a ‘real' is produced that can never be presented within language. The condition for the subject's survival is precisely the foreclosure of what threatens the subject most fundamentally; thus, the ‘bar' produces the threat and defends against it at the same time [135]. The conflict of The Great Gatsby, if we apply Butler, focuses on Nick Carraway through the threat of Jay Gatsby's impediment on social hierarchy. The foreclosure of the threat, the execution of Gatsby, presents the ‘bar', the moral dilemma to which Nick must react. According to Saussure, â€Å"The social uses of language owe their specifically social value to the fact that they tend to be organized in systems of difference †¦ which reproduce †¦ the system of social difference. †¦ To speak is to appropriate one or another of the expressive styles already constituted in and through usage and objectively marked by their position in a hierarchy of styles which expresses the hierarchy of corresponding social groups† [Butler 157]. As Butler points out, Saussure is rehabilitating the base/superstructure model through the relationship of language and the social system [Butler 157]. The fight of Gatsby is really over cultural norms, and how Nick reacts in the last chapter is essential to the American future, in terms of Habermas, but also presents the threat of Nick being cast into the realm of the unspeakable. In his final encounter with Jordan Baker, Nick learns that turning 30, with the â€Å"portentous menacing road of a new decade† before him [Fitzgerald 143], comes final responsibility in speaking. When he says to her, â€Å"I'm thirty. †¦ I'm five years too old to lie to myself and call it honor† [Fitzgerald 186], Nick realizes he insults Jordan, casting her into the unspeakable by citing their age difference: â€Å"She didn't answer. Angry, and half in love with her, and tremendously sorry, I turned away† [Fitzgerald 186]. Not knowing exactly how he feels about Jordan and speaking without knowing, Nick comes to understanding the importance of speech through the guilt and shame he feels. That his ambivalent feelings toward Jordan, being half in love with her, mirror his feelings toward Gatsby, the contradictions that Donaldson points out would indicate that Nick comes to an informed decision about Gatsby before telling the story. At some point between Nick telling Gatsby â€Å"They're a rotten crowd. †¦ You're worth the whole damn bunch put together† [Fitzgerald 162] and telling the reader, â€Å"I disapproved of him from beginning to end† [Fitzgerald 162], one sentence later, Nick came to a moral understanding with socio-cultural and political implications.